Applications of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) in Extraction Processes

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) have gained significant attention in recent years as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional organic solvents in extraction processes. Their eco-friendly nature, high extraction efficiency, and ability to dissolve a wide range of bioactive compounds make them ideal for use in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and biotechnology.

Applications of NADES in Extraction Processes

1. Pharmaceutical Industry

NADES have proven highly effective in the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, herbs, and fungi for pharmaceutical applications. Their ability to preserve the structural integrity of sensitive compounds makes them ideal for extracting active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Key Applications:

• Extraction of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds from medicinal plants.

• Improved solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.

• Preservation of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

2. Food Industry

NADES are widely used for the extraction of natural compounds in the food industry due to their food-grade safety and non-toxic nature. They are suitable for isolating antioxidants, vitamins, and pigments from plant materials.

Key Applications:

• Extraction of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and carotenoids from fruits and vegetables.

• Isolation of essential oils and natural sweeteners.

• Removal of harmful contaminants from food products.

  
  

3. Cosmetics and Personal Care

The cosmetic industry has increasingly turned to NADES for the extraction of plant-based active ingredients due to their mild extraction conditions and ability to preserve volatile compounds.

Key Applications:

• Extraction of essential oils, fragrances, and vitamins.

• Isolation of moisturizing agents like hyaluronic acid.

• Preservation of anti-aging and antioxidant compounds for skincare formulations.

  
  

4. Agricultural and Environmental Applications

NADES also offer solutions in agriculture and environmental sectors for the extraction of bioactive compounds used in pest control, fertilizers, and pollutant remediation.

Key Applications:

• Extraction of bio-pesticides and natural growth promoters.

• Removal of heavy metals and pollutants from soil and water.

• Extraction of plant secondary metabolites for eco-friendly pest management.

  
  

5. Biotechnology and Biofuel Production

In biotechnology, NADES serve as solvents for the extraction of enzymes, proteins, and bioactive peptides. They are also used for biofuel production by aiding in the extraction of lignocellulosic biomass.

Key Applications:

• Enzyme stabilization and protein extraction.

• Extraction of bioethanol precursors from agricultural waste.

• Pre-treatment of biomass for biofuel production.

NADES have revolutionized the extraction process across multiple industries due to their sustainability, efficiency, and versatility. Their ability to extract bioactive compounds while minimizing environmental impact makes them a cornerstone in the shift toward greener chemistry practices. As industries continue to adopt eco-friendly alternatives, NADES are poised to become an essential tool in modern extraction technologies.

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References:

[1] Jauregi, P., Esnal-Yeregi, L., Labidi, J. (2023). Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the extraction of bioactives: emerging opportunities in biorefinery applications. PeerJ.

[2] Alvarez, M. S., Zhang, Y. (2019). Sketching neoteric solvents for boosting drugs bioavailability. Journal of Controlled Release, 311-312.

[3] Orejuela-Escobar, L. M., Landazuri, A. C., Goodell, B. (2021). Second generation biorefining in Ecuador: Circular bioeconomy, zero waste technology, environment and sustainable development: The nexus. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 6(2).